Between-the-lens shutter synchronization



Dec. 26, 1944. STEINER 2,365,847

BETWEEN- THE-LENS SHUTTER SYNCHRONI ZATION Original Filed June 17, 19412 Sheets-Sheet l fivveni'o 2": Oscarfliezner ailijs Dec. 26, 1944. OsTElNER 2,365,847

BETWEEN- THE- LENS SHUTTER SYNCHRONI ZATICN Original Filed June 17, 19412 Sheets$heet 2 Patented Dec. 26, 1944 BETWEEN-THE-LENS SHUTTER SYNCHRONIZATION Oscar Steiner, Rochester, N. Y., assignor to The FolmerGrafiex Corporation, Rochester, N. Y., a corporation of DelawareOriginal application June 17, 1941, Serial No. 398.413. Divided and thisapplication April 1, 1943, Serial No. 481,416

14 Claims.

This application is a division of my co-pending application Ser. No.398,413, filed June 17, 1941, patented August 3, 1943, No. 2,326,077.

This invention relates to photoflash synchronization for high-speedbetween-the-lens shutters.

In order that the principle of the invention may be readily understood,I have disclosed a single embodiment thereof in the accompanyingdrawings, wherein Fig. 1 is a front elevation of the shutterand its'photofiash synchronization means, the aperture setting plate and theleaf support plate being removed to show the construction of the shutterand the synchronizer operating mechanism, the shutter leaves being shownin closed condition and the shutter reset in the set or cooked position;

Fig. 2 is a similar view, but with the shutter release lever shown asdepressed and the shutter leaves in the full open condition;

Fig. 2a is a partial detail of the structure in Fig. 2;

Fig. 3 is a detail in elevation of the shutter setting drive andsynchronizer operating ring;

Fig. 4 is a front elevation of the shutter, showing the interrelation ofthe operating levers when the shutter is in the set condition, theshutter reset lever being shown in run-down condition in dotted lines;

Fig. 5 is an enlarged detail of Fig. 1, showing the position of theelectrical contacting means while the shutter and the synchronizeroperating ring is being reset;

Fig. 6 is a detail view similar to Fig. 5, but wherein the contacts havebeen closed by the shutter and synchronizer operating ring whentraveling in a shutter operating direction;

Fig. 7 is a vertical section through Fig. 6, on the line thereof; and

Fig, 8 is a vertical section through Fig. 4 on the line 8-8 thereof.

An important feature of the invention is to provide a high-speedbetween-the-lens shutter having built therein contacting means foreffecting photofiash synchronization and wherein a combinedshutter-operating and synchronizeroperating ring-like member isprovided, and to provide such a shutter with photoflash synchronizationmechanism that prevents inadvertent firing of the flash bulb in the actof setting the shutter.

In order to secure these and other important objects of my invention. Imay employ other embodiments thereof than that herein shown, to which,therefore, my invention is not limited.

The shutter herein illustrated is desirably of the high-speedbetween-the-lens type disclosed in my Patent No. 2,269,400, datedJanuary 6, 1942, and with respect to instantaneous speed and time andbulb exposures the shutter herein disclosed operates substantially thesame as that disclosed in my said patent. I have, however, made certainchanges and improvements in the structure in order to obtain controlover the instantaneous speeds and also over the so-called slow shutterspeeds, and I have incorporated novel contacting means for completing anelectrical circuit through a flash bulb or other device, my inventionbeing particularly directed thereto and to the cooperation thereof withcertain features of the shutter.

Referring first particularly to Figs. 1, 2, 4 and 7, I have in Figs. 1and 2 represented the shutter housing at 20, it desirably being of theusual structure having a projecting cylindrical portion to receive therear element of the photographic lens (not shown), which needs nofurther amplification of description herein. Attached to the saidshutter housing 20 is a shutter mechanism plate 2|, shown in Fig. 1 andin section in part in Fig. 8. It is held in spaced relation to thebottom of the shutter housing 2|] in any well known manner as by spacingstuds or washers. The said mechanism plate 2| is provided with acylindrical boss 22 (Fig. 2) protruding therefrom and into which theusual frontelement of the photographic lens is attached. Fitted over thesaid protruding boss 22 and resting on the shutter mechanism plate 2| isa combined shutter operating and synchronizer operating ring 23, shownseparately and most clearly in Fig. 3. It is provided with a reset lever24 having a reset knob 25, and with a synchronizer andslow-shutter-speed operating pin 26, a latch or pawl 21, and a radiallyextending arm 28 having a downturned portion 29 for engaging anoperating spring 30, which, while it may be of any suitable type, ishere shown of the structure most apparent in Fig. 1.

The said operating spring 30 is backed up by an angle plate 3| securedto the shutter housing 20 by means of screws 32, 32. The periphery ofthe said shutter mechanism plate 2| provides an edge that is turnedover, as indicated at 33, to form a support for the said operatingspring 30. Also fitted over the said cylindrical boss 22 and overlyingthe combined shutter-operating and synchronizer-operating ring 23 is ashutter leaf cam ring 34 provided with a series of spaced,circumferentiallyarranged openings 35, 35 engaged in turn by the pawl 21of the combined shutter-operating and synchronizer-operating ring 23.Fitted over the said cylindrical boss 22 and spaced from the shuttermechanism plate 2| is a shutter leaf support plate 36, shown mostclearly in Fig. 8, and which has attached thereto shutter leaves 31, 31,by means of shoulder rivets 38, 38, on which said shutter leaves arefree to pivot. Said shutter leaves 31, 31 are also provided with shortstuds or dowels 39, 39 which ride in an encircling cam path 40 of theshutter leaf cam ring 34.

It will be apparent that if the shutter leaf cam ring 34 is caused torotate in one direction, the said dowels 39, 39 will follow the said campath 40, thus causing said shutter leaves 31, 31 to be reciprocatinglyor oscillatingly opened and closed. As previously stated, the combinedshutter-operating and synchronizer-operating ring 23 has integraltherewith the pawl 21 which will in operation successively engage theopenings 35, 35, of the shutter leaf cam ring 34 when the said combinedshutter-operating and synchronizeroperating ring 23 is turned in acontraclockwise direction, and if said combined shutter-operating andsynchronizer-operating ring 23 is caused to move in a contraclockwisedirection a distance equal to the spacing of the openings 35, 35, thesaid shutter leave 31, 31 will be caused to open fully and to close,thus effecting an exposure.

On the outer face or periphery of the shutter leaf cam ring 34 isprovided a series of rectangular notches 4|, 4| engaged by a releasepawl 42 of a shutter operating lever 43. When the shutter is reset bythe turning of shutter reset lever 24 in a clockwise direction, thuscompressing the operating spring 30, the said driving dog 21 of thecombined shutter-operating and synchronizer-operating ring 23 will beturned in a clockwise direction, thus engaging a new opening 35 of theshutter leaf cam ring 34. When the release pawl 42 is withdrawn from thenotch 4| which it engages, the shutter leaf cam ring 34 will be drivenin a contraclockwise direction under the influence of the said operatingspring 30, and the driving pawl 21 of the combined shutter-operating andsynchronizer-operating ring 23, until stopped by the reset lever 24 whenit reaches the end of its travel in a suitable slot provided therefor inthe periphery of the shutter housing 20. A new opening will now beengaged by the release pawl 42. Thus, when the shutter reset lever 24 isturned in a clockwise direction, the shutter leaf cam ring 34 will beheld stationary by reason of the fact that the release pawl 42 engages anotch 4|, and the pawl 21 of the combined shutter-operating andsynchronizeroperating ring 23 will engage a new opening 35 when theshutter reset lever 24 reaches the end of its travel in a clockwisedirection and is stopped from further travel by the end of the said slotprovided therefor in the periphery of the shutter housing 20. Theshutter will now be in the condition shown in Fig. 1. It will be evidentfrom the description thus far given that I have provided simple meansfor obtaining an instantaneous exposure.

In Fig. 2. the shutter leaves 31 are shown in a fully opened condition,the dowels 39 having re spectively i;dden to the outermost positions inthe cam formations 40. As the said shutter leaf cam ring 34 continues totravel in one direction, the said dowels 39 will be moved in an inwarddirection toward the center of the shutter, thus closing the shutterleaves 31, 31.

In order to control the shutter operating lever 43, I have provided ashutter release lever 44 having a knob 45. The said lever 44 is pivotedto the shutter mechanism plate 2| in a recess provided therefor, bymeans of a shoulder screw 46. At the pivoted end of the shutter releaselever 44, there are provided two laterally extending bosses 41, 41having pins 48, 49 respectively. Engaging the pin 49, wrapped about theshoulder screw 46 and engaging the shutter housing 20 is a spring 44afor the purpose of causing the said shutter release lever 44 to beturned in a clockwise direction.

In order to provide time and bulb exposures, I have provided twoadditional shutter operating lever arm 50 and 5| respectively, theformer being provided with a pin 52 and the latter with a pin 53. Theshutter operating lever arms 43 and 50, the latter being the timeexposure operating lever arm just referred to, are attached to theshutter mechanism plate 2| by a shoulder screw 54, and the bulb exposureshutter operating lever arm 5| is attached to the said shutter mechanismplate 2| by a shoulder screw 55. The said shutter operating lever 43 iscaused to turn in a contraclockwise direction under the influence of aspring 56, and the time-exposure shutter-operating lever-arm 50 iscaused to turn in a contraclockwise direction by means of a spring 51.The bulb-exposure shutter-operating lever arm 5| is caused to turn in aclockwise direction by a spring 58. The shutter operating lever 43 andits associated release pawl 42 are provided for instantaneous exposure,whereas to secure a. bulb exposure the said second lever arm 5| isemployed, as will be described.

When the shutter release lever 44 is turned in a contraclockwisedirection, the release pawl 42 will be disengaged from its notch 4|under the influence of the pin 48 co-acting with the shutter operatinglever 43. At the same time, the bulbexposure shutter-operating lever arm5| having a pawl 59, will be allowed to turn in a clockwise directionunder the influence of spring 58, inasmuch as the pin 49 will be removedfrom engagement with the said bulb-exposure shutteroperating lever arm5|. As the release pawl 42 is withdrawn from the notch 4|, the shutterleaf-cam ring 34 will start turning in a contraclockwise direction, butwhen the notch 4| reaches the pawl 59 and is engaged thereby, the

. said shutter leaf cam ring 34 will be stopped from further movement.The shutter leaves 31 will then be in the fully opened condition shownin Fig. 2, the engagement of pawl 59 with notch 4| being shown in thepartial detail Fig. 2a.

When the shutter release lever 44 is released. its spring 44a will causesaid release lever 44 to turn in a clockwise direction, carrying with itthe pin 49, which will engage the bulb-exposure shutter-operating leverarm 5|, thus withdrawing the pawl 59 from the notch 4| and allowing theshutter leaf cam ring 34 to continue turning in a contraclockwisedirection until the limit of motion is reached, at which time theshutter leaves 31 will again be in closed condition, and the releasepawl 42 will engage a new notch 4|.

During this operation the time-exposure shutfer-operating lever arm 50was held out of action by means of a cam plate 60 having a notch 6| thatis mostclearly shown in dotted lines in Fig. 4. The said cam plate 60 isattached to a shutter setting ring 82 which is fitted to the asoawrshutter housing 20, and is held in place by means of an index ring and alocking nut 04 threaded to the centrally extending cylindrical boss 22.

When making bulb exposures, B" on the index ring 62 is aligned with theindex 65, and the notch 6| of the cam plate 60 will be moved intoposition to hold the time exposure operating lever arm 50 in inoperativecondition, but allowing the bulb-exposure operating-lever arm tooperate. In order to provide a time exposure, a second series of notches66, 66 is provided in the shutter leaf cam ring 34, said notches beingnarrower in width than notches 4|, 4|, so that the former will not beengaged by release pawl 42 or pawl 59, but will be engaged by a pawl 01(Figs. 1 and 2) of the time-exposure operating-lever arm 50. When theshutter setting ring 62 is turned so that 'I'" will be aligned withindex 65, the notch SI of the cam plate 60 will be in position to allowboth the time-exposure operating-lever arm 50 and the bulb-exposureoperating lever arm 5| to operate.

Assuming that the shutter is in the set condition shown in Fig. l, theshutter release lever 44 is turned in a contraclockwise direction, thuswithdrawing the pawls 42 and 61 from engaging with notch-4|, and theshutter leaf cam ring 34 will turn in a contraciockwise direction untila notch 4| is engaged by the pawl 59 of the bulbexposure operating-leverarm 5 I. When the shutter release lever 44 is allowed to turn in aclockwise direction under the influence of the said v spring 44a, thepawl 59 of the bulb-exposure operating lever 5| will be withdrawn fromthe notch 4|, and a notch 66 of the shutter leaf cam ring 34 will beengaged by the pawl 61 of the time-exposure operating-lever arm 50. Theshutter leaf cam ring 34 will be held in this position which correspondsto the full open position shown in Fig. 2, until the shutter releaselever 44 is again operated in a contraciockwise direction, thuswithdrawing the saidpawl 61 from a notch 66 and allowing the shutterleaf cam ring 34 to continue turning in a clockwise direction until thereset lever 24 reaches the limit of its travel, at which time theshutter leaves 31 will be in closed position.

Referring now to Figs. 4 to 8 and also to Figs. 1 and 2, I have providedmeans particularly coopcrating with the shutter operating means justdescribed for closing contactsof an electrical circuit for completingthe circuit through a flash lamp or other device, and I will nowdescribe the same and set forth the manner of its cooperation with theshutter operating means.

The shutter housing 20 is provided with two elongated slots 0r openings96 and 91, shown in Fig. 6, for the purpose of mounting a contact basemember 98 (Fig. 7), shown as made up of an L-shaped part having oneedge, as indicated at 99 (Fig. 6), turned up and formed to fit the innersurface of the shutter housing 20. The said contact base member 98 isattached to the shutter housing 20 by a screw I00 and by a bolt |0|provided with a head I0 Ia. The said bolt |0I passes through a contactspring I02 (best shown in Fig. 6), also through an insulating bushingI03, through the shutter housing slot 91, through a cover plate I04(Figs. 6 and 8) and an insulating washer I05, and it is clamped inposition by a nut I00. Pivoted to the said contact base member 98 is'acontact rocker arm I0'I by means of a shoulder screw I08, and it isseparated from said contact base member 98 by a washer I09. The saidrocker arm I0! is caused to move in a contraclockwise direction underthe influence of a coiled spring IIII. one end of which is attached to apin II I 01' the rockerarm I01. and the other end is attached to the pinI I2 of the contact base member 98. The pins III and II 2 are so positioned that when the said rocker arm I01 reaches a position wherein thecenters of the said pins III and H2 and of the shoulder screw I08 are inalignment, no motion will be imparted to the rocker arm I01 by the saidspring 0.

When the shutter is in the set position shown in Fig. 1, the contacts II3 and I I4 will be in open position. As the shutter is released, thecombined shutter-operating and synchronizer-operating ring 23 is set inmotion and turned in a contraciockwise direction, carrying with it the"which will touch contact H3, and as the said operating pin 26 continuesto travel in a contraclockwise direction, the said operating pin 26 willleave the under face of the upturned flange H5, thus allowing thecontacts I I3, I I4 again to be restoredv to open condition by thespring IIO, as

shown in Fig. 5. As the shutter is reset by turning thereset lever 24 ina clockwise direction, the operating pin 26 will engage the outer faceof the upturned flange 5, as indicated in Fig. 5.

As the shutter is reset by turning the reset lever 24 in a clockwisedirection, the operating pin 26 will engage the opposite or outersurface of the upturned flange I I5, as indicated in Fig. 5, causingsaid contact rocker arm I01 to'be moved in a contraciockwise directionagainst the spring I I0, thus allowing said operating pin 26 to berestored to the set condition shown in Fig. 1, without closing thecontacts I I3 and I I4. Such structure is provided, in accordance with.my invention, to prevent inadvertent flashing of a flash bulb if placedin the circuit prior to resetting the shutter.

The usual circuit of a flash bulb and battery is shown in Fig. 1,wherein one wire I I5 is shown as battery IIS and through a wire I20 tothe screw IM and contact member I02, through contacts 3 and H4, thenthrough contact base member to the screw I00. I

The flash synchronizer mechanism herein disclosed can be readilyadjusted to time the delay between contact and the actual flashing ofthe bulb within any requirements set up by flash bulbs as nowmanufactured. The shutter herein disclosed is so constructed as to haveconsiderable delay from the "time the shutter release lever 44 isoperated and the time the shutter leaves 31 actually open. This isaccomplished by the cam path spacing shown in Figs. 1 and 2 andhereinbefore fully described. It will be understood from the disclosurethat the shutter leaf cam ring 34 travels a considerable distance beforethe dowels 39 are reached by the cam track variation for imparting areciprocatory opening and closing movement to the shutter leaves 31.

The time of the contact with respect to the delay of the flash bulb isaccomplished by changing the position of the synchronizer contact basemember 98. This is 'eifected by loosening therespectively, of theshutter housing 20 as provided for that purpose, and then making thenecessary change in the position of the contact base member 98, thusadjusting the time of actual contact with respect to the rotation of theshutter leaf cam ring 34. I have demonstrated that an adjusment fromfive milliseconds to thirty milliseconds between the time of actualcontact and the time of the opening of the shutter leaves 31 is readilyobtainable.

While I have set forth in detail the actual structure of the parts andtheir operation, it is desirable to call attention to the proportions ofcertain of the parts and the time elements involved in the operation.

The shutter herein shown is particularly adapted for making high-speedphotographs. The five shutter blades 31 are operated by the shutter-leafcam ring 34 having the cam path 40. Each shutter leaf is pivoted at 38and has an actuating pin 39 riding in the cam path 40. The saidshutter-leaf cam ring 34 is caused to be turned in a clockwise directionone fifth of a revolution (namely 72) for each exposure. The shutterherein shown is designed to provide an exposure of of a second, and theshutter leaves 31 must be held open for five milliseconds. Therefore thefive radially outermost or elevated portions of the cam path 40 willeach have a length of 8. This corresponds to live milliseconds in time,and this also corresponds to /200 of a second. The shutter leavesactually start to open when each pin 30 first reaches the appropriaterise in the cam path 40. The shutter leaves continue to open until theupper end of the rise in the cam path is reached, and each leaf remainsopen until the end of the radially outermost, flat portion of the camelevation is reached and begins to close as the pin 39 moves inward fromthe said elevated portion of the cam path. The shutter leaves are againfully closed when the concentric portion of the cam path 40 is reachedby the pin 39. The speed of the shutter-leaf cam ring 34 is determinedby exposure speed, and since the shutter is designed for an exposure ofof a second, the radially outermost, flat, elevated portions of the campath will be 8, as stated, and since the shutter-leaf cam ring 34 musttravel 8 in five milliseconds, the speed of the said shutter-leaf camring 34 is thus established.

Referring to Fig. 1, when the shutter is released, the reset lever 24extending from the operating ring 23 will travel in a contraclockwisedirection, traveling 20, at which time the pin 26 will cause thecontacts H3, H4 to be closed. The reset lever 24 continues to travelcontraclockwise for 32, at which time each pin 39 will have reached theleading edge of the radially outermost, flat portion of the cam path 40,The shutter is now fully opened, and in so opening, the ring 34 and thereset lever 24 have traveled a distance equal to 32 or twentymilliseconds, thereby providing a delay of 20 milliseconds when theshutter is adjusted as shown in Fig. 1. If the contact support plate 98were adjusted in a contraclockwise direction, the delay in time would begreater. If the said contact support plate 98 were moved in a clockwisedirection, the time delay would become shorter.

Referring to Fig. 2, the distance from the beginning of the outwardlyinclined part of the cam path 40 to the position where the pin 39 isshown in the outer part of the cam path is 20, being the screw I00 andthe nut I06 in. the slots 00 and 01,

same distance that is here referred to as representing 12 millisecondsin time in Fig. 1. The distance in Fig. 2 from said position of the pin04 to the position of the pin 26 on reset lever 24 in Fig. 2 is 32", andthe distance from said pin 20 to the position of the next pin 30 in acontraclockwise direction is 20. Said two latter distances of 20 and 32'equal 52, whereas the reset lever 24 in its movement actually travelsthrough an arc of 72. The point of location of the pin 24 in Fig. 2indicates the point when the shutter is fully open, and an additionaltravel of 20 is necessary for the shutter to close. The said movementdistance of 20, as in Fig. 2, from the pin 26 to the next pin 20, is, asstated, 20, and this corresponds to 12% milliseconds in Fig. 1, and thecam ring 34 travels some little additional distance to close theshutter.

Having thus described one illustrative embodiment of the invention, itis to be understood that although specific terms are employed, they areused in a generic and descriptive sense and not for purposs oflimitation, the scope of the invention being set forth in the followingclaims.

I claim:

1. A between-the-lens photographic shutter having built-in photofiashsynchronization means and having a series of leaves movablereciprocatingiy out and in to open and close, a cam ring movable in onedirection only, and operatively connected to said leaves to impart suchopening and closing movements to them by said one-direction movements,9. combined cam ring operating and synchronization means operating ringsubstantially concentric with said cam ring and having a necessarilywide angular movement so as to move said cam ring in one direction only,and thereby reciprocatingly to move the said leaves out and in, ashutter resetting lever carried by said operating ring, a shutterrelease lever, an electrical circuit including a photoflash lamp andalso including relatively movable contact members carried by the shutterbody, means tending to separate said. contact members. and means carriedby said shutter body to synchronize the flash of the said lamp with themeeting of said contact members, by varying the delay in the meeting ofsaid contact members in shutter closing movement, said means including amovable rocker lever I01 in the shutter casing and constituting one ofsaid contact members, a pin 24 laterally projecting from said resettinglever and substantially at the end of its said wide angular movementengaging a formation on said rocker lever I01 to move it into circuitclosing relation with said other contact member, the describedconstruction providing sufficient delay to synchronize a usual orstandard flashlamp, a contact base member 98 within the shutter body andwhereon said rocker lever I01 is pivoted, and a spring IIO attached tosaid rocker lever I01 and to said base member 98.

2. A shutter and photofiash synchronizing means in accordance with claim1, but wherein the said rocker lever I01 is provided with an upturnedflange-like formation II5 with the opposite iaces whereof the operatingpin 26 engages in the opposite movements of said rocker lever I01, theconstruction and arrangement of the said parts being such that as theshutter is being reset the said operating pin 20 causes the rocker leverI01 to be moved against the stress of the spring I I0, thereby allowingsaid operating pin 20 and the resetting lever carrying the same to berestored to the set condition without closing the said contacts.

3. A shutter and photoflash synchronizing means in accordance with claim1, but wherein one end of the said spring I I is attached to a pin IIIon the rocker lever I01 and the other end of said spring is attached toa pin I I! on the contact base member 88, the said pins Ill and H2 beingso relatively located and arranged that when the said rocker lever I01reaches a position wherein said pins Ill and H2 and the pivot of thelever I01 are in alignment, no motion will be imparted to the rockerlever In! by said spring H0.

4. A between-the-lens shutter mechanism having built-in photoflashsynchronization means and having a shutter body provided with a. set ofshutter leaves to open and close, a combined shutter-operating andsynchronization-meansoperating ring having a reset lever, said ringhaving a necessarily wide angular movement about the set of shutterleaves to open said leaves, means controlled by said combinedshutter-operating and synchronization-means-operating ring to cause saidshutter leaves to open and close, a shutter release lever, an electricalcircuit including a photoflash lamp and also including relativelymovable contact members carried by the shutter body, means to separatesaid contact members, and means carried by said shutter body tosynchronize the flash of the said lamp with the meeting of said contactmembers, by varying the delay in the meeting of said contact members inshutter closing movement, said means including a movable rocker lever l01 pivoted in the shutter casing and constituting one of said contactmembers, a pin 26 projecting from said resetting lever and substantiallyat the end of its said wide angular movement engaging a formation onsaid rocker lever 101 to move it into circuit closing relation with saidother contact member, and a spring H0 attached to said rocker lever I01and to the shutter casing, the described construction providingsufiicient delay to synchronize a usual or standard flashlamp.

5. A shutter and photoflash synchronizing means in accordance with claim4. but wherein one end of the said spring I I0 is attached to a pin H lon the rocker lever I01 and the other end of said spring is attached toa stationary pin I I2, the said pins being so relatively located andarranged that when the said rocker lever I01 reaches a position whereinsaid pins Ill and H2 and the pivot of the lever I01 are in alignment, nomotion will be imparted to the rocker lever ID! by said spring H0.

6. Combined shutter and synchronizer-mechanism operating means forflashlamps, including a shutter body provided with a set of pivotedshutter leaves to open and close by in-and-out substantially radialmovements, a circularly movable cam ring carried by said body andencircling said leaves, and having a cam path with a series of widelyand equally spaced cam formations corresponding in number to saidshutter leaves and receiving operating projections from said leaves; acombined cam-ring operating and synchronizer-operatlng ring also carriedby said shutter body substantially concentrically with said cam ring andhaving a shutter setting lever member provided with asynchronizer-mechanism operating formation, a usual or standardflashlamp with battery and electric circuit and having contacts withinsaid shutter body in position to be operated upon to close the circuitby engagement of the said synchronizer-mechanism operating.

ber constituting a combined shutter-operating and synchronizer-mechanismoperating member, which is mounted for rotation in the shutter I body ofsuch between-the-lens shutter so as to encircle said shutter leaves, andthere having a necessarily wide turning functioning movement exceedingfifty degrees to operate the synchronizer-mechanism; said ring-likemember having shutter operating formations to open and close saidshutter leaves and also having a synchronizer-mechanism operatingformation; a usual or standard flashlamp with battery and electriccircuit and having contacts in the said shutter body in position to beoperated upon to close the circuit by contact engagement of the saidsynchronizer-mechanism operating formation at substantially the end ofthe said necessarily wide turning functioning movement of said ring-likemember, the said mechanism thereby providing suflicient delay tosynchronize a usual or standard flashlamp.

8. A structure in accordance with claim 7, but wherein there is providedin the shutter structure a lever whereon one of said contacts of thecircuit is mounted, said lever having thereon a mange-like formation tobe engaged by said synchronizer-mechanism operating formation on saidring-like member in its shutter-operating movement to close saidcontacts, one face where- OI is adapted to be engaged by saidsynchronizermechanism operating formation on said ring-like member inthe shutter-operating movement of said ring-like member to close saidcontacts at the time stated, the opposite face of said flangehkeformation being engaged by said operating iormation, in the resetting ofthe shutter and by such engagement acting to separate the contacts toprevent the flashing of a fiashlamp if in position.

9. A structure in accordance with claim 6, but wherein there is providedin the shutter body a lever whereon one of the contacts of the circuit15 mounted, said lever having protruding therefrom a flange-likeformation that is engaged at one race by said synchronizer-mechanismoperating iormation in the cam-ring operating movemenu or saidcombinedoperating ring, the opposite lace of said flange-hire formationbeing engaged by said operating formation in the resetting of theshutter and by such engagement acting to separate the contacts toprevent the flashing or a nashlamp if in position.

10. In a iiashlamp synchronizer for a betweenthe-lens shutter, a nousmgreceiving said shutter and whereinto the latter is built; a contact basemember in and means to support the same upon L118 inner surface of theshutter housing; a contact spring I02 carried by said base member; alever illl pivoted on said base member and carrying a contact point H4ior engagement with the said contact spring I02 and also having aflange-like formation H5 provided with opposite faces, a reset leverhaving a projecting pin 20 to engage the opposite faces of saidformation H5 in the movement of the resetting lever for the purpose ofmoving said lever I01 so as to bring the contact I I4 into engagementwith the contact spring I02, and a spring IIO having one end connectedto the base member 90 and its other end connected to said lever I01 at apoint between the pivot of said lever I01 and the point of connection ofthe said spring M to said base member; the said points of connection ofsaid spring being such that the pivot of said lever and the points ofsupport of said spring I I0 may be brought into line, in which conditionthe said spring does not impart motion to said lever I01.

11. In a fiashlamp synchronizer for a betweenthe-lens shutter, a housingreceiving said shutter and whereinto the latter is built; a contact basemember 98 having an upturned flange; a screw l0I securing said flange tothe rim of the shutter housing; a contact spring arm carried by saidbase member and held in place by said screw IOI a lever I 01 pivoted onsaid base member and carrying a contact point I I4 for engagement withthe said contact spring I02 and also having a flangelike formation IIprovided with opposite faces, a reset lever having a projecting pin 25to engage the opposite faces of said formation H5 in the movement of theresettin lever for the purpose of moving said lever I01 so as to bringthe contact II4 into engagement with the contact spring .02, and aspring I I0 having one end connected to the base member 98 and its otherend connected to said lever I01 at a point between the pivot of saidlever I01 and the point of connection of the said spring I I 0 to saidbase member.

12. In a fiashlamp synchronizer for a betweenthe-lens shutter, a housingreceiving said shutter and whereinto the latter is built; a contact basemember 98 supported upon the inner surface of the shutter housing, thelatter having elongated slots 96, 91 for permitting circumferentialadjustment of said base member 98; screws for adjustably securing saidbase member along said slots; a contact spring I02 carried by said basemember; a lever I01 pivoted on said base member and carrying a contactpoint Ill for engagement with the said spring I02 and also having aflange-like formation I I5 provided with opposite faces, a reset leverhaving a projecting pin 26 to engage the opposite faces of saidformation I IS in the movement of the resetting lever for the purpose ofmoving said lever I01 so as to bring the contact I into engagement withthe contact spring I02, and a spring I I0 having one end connected tothe base member 98 and its other end connected to said lever I01 at apoint between the pivot of said lever I01 and the point of connection ofthe said spring I iii to said base member.

13. In a fiashlamp synchronizer for a betweenthe-lens shutter, a housingreceiving said shutter and whereinto the latter is built; a contact basemember means including screw IN and nut I05 to hold said base member 90adjustable in place upon the inner surface of the shutter housing; acontact spring I02 held in place upon said base member by said screw IOIand nut I05; a lever I01 pivoted on said base member and carrying acontact point ill for engagement with the said contact spring I02 andalso having a flangelike formation H5 provided with opposite faces, areset lever having a projectin pin 20 to engage the opposite faces ofsaid formation H5 in the movement of the resetting lever for the purposeof moving said lever I01 so as to bring the contact I I4 into engagementwith the contact spring I01, and a spring I I0 having one end connectedto the base member 90 and its other end connected to said lever I01 at apoint between the pivot of said lever I01 and the point of connection ofthe said spring I III to said base member.

14. In a synchronizer-mechanism for photofiash lamps and photographicshutters; a ringlike member constituting a combined shutter-op eratingand synchronizer-mechanism operating member, which is mounted forrotation in the body structure of a between-the-lens shutter about theshutter leaves thereof, and there to have a necessarily wide turningfunctioning movement exceeding fifty degrees to operate the shuttermechanism, said ring-like member having shutter operating formations toopen and close said shutter leaves and having a synchronizermechanismoperating formation; a usual or standard fiashlamp with battery, and anelectric circuit having contacts in the said shutter structurepositioned to be operated upon to close the circuit by contactengagement therewith of the said synchronizer-mechanism operating 1formation; the said contacts being mounted in the said shutter bodystructure, a movable member carrying one of said contacts in position tobe engaged by the said synchronizer-mechanism operating formation toclose said contacts; the place at which said contacts are positionedwithin the shutter body structure being such that the said ring-likeoperating member must have nearly reached the limit of its necessarilywide turning movement in its shutter-operating direction of movement inorder to engage and act upon said movable member carrying one of saidcontacts to close the circuit, whereby there is provided a suflicientdelay to synchronize a usual or standard flashlamp with the opening ofthe shutter leaves.

OSCAR S'I'EINER.

